¿Cómo se fabrican las placas solares?
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¿Cómo se fabrican las placas solares?

Las placas solares son uno de los elementos clave en la conversión directa de la energía solar a eléctrica. La fabricación de placas está viviendo un momento muy especial dado que hay una gran demanda gracias a los cambios de legislación para el autoconsumo.

Plazas solares, así se fabrican

Sobre una lámina de un material semiconductor se introducen diferentes elementos químicos que hacen que tenga exceso de electrones. Esta clase de placa cuenta con carga negativa y se la denomina como “N”.

En otra lámina de material semiconductor se repite el mismo proceso, aunque con otros químicos, lo que hace que tenga falta de electrones. Por ello, se entiende que esta plaza tenga carga positiva y se le denomina como “P”.

En este punto se realiza la unión entre P y N, donde el exceso de electrones de N pasa al otro cristal, ocupando los espacios libres que hay en P. Gracias a este proceso, la zona inmediata a la unión se carga positivamente en N y negativamente en P. Esto hace que se cree un campo eléctrico cuya barrera de potencial impide que se continúe el proceso de trasvase de una placa a la otra.

Cuando todo el conjunto queda expuesto a la radiación solar, los fotones de la luz transmiten su energía a los electrones de los materiales semiconductores. Estos pueden romper la barrera de potencial existente entre P y N y salir del semiconductor mediante un circuito exterior, lo que hace que se produzca la corriente eléctrica.

El proceso de fabricación de las placas solares no es extremadamente complejo y dado que se ha mejorado mucho en cuanto a avances tecnológicos, el precio de las placas se ha ido reduciendo con el paso del tiempo, pero también mejorando las características, haciéndolas mucho más eficientes que las que conocíamos hasta ahora.

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